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Searches should be carried out only in cases where there is credible evidence to indicate substantial unaccounted income/assets in relation to the tax normally paid by the assessee or where the expected concealment is more than Rs. 1 crore.

Section 132 of the Income-tax Act 1961 - Search & Seizure - matters relating thereto

F.No. 286/77/2003-IT(Inv.II)
Government of India
Ministry of Finance
Department of Revenue
Central Board of Direct Taxes
To
All Director Generals of Income-tax (Inv.)
Subject: Search & Seizure - matters relating thereto
Sir,
With a view to focus on high revenue yielding cases and to make the optimum use of manpower, the Board has decided that officers deployed in the Investigation Wing should restructure their activities. They should henceforth strictly adhere to the following guidelines :
(i) Searches should be carried out only in cases where there is credible evidence to indicate substantial unaccounted income/assets in relation to the tax normally paid by the assessee or where the expected concealment is more than Rs. 1 crore.
(ii) Search operation will also be mounted when there is evidence of hidden
unaccounted assets arising out of a conspiracy to cause public harm, terrorism, smuggling, narcotics, fraud, gangsterism, fake currency, fake stamp papers and such other manifestations;
(iii) Tax payers who are professionals of excellence should not be searched without there being compelling evidence and confirmation of substantial tax evasion.
2. Henceforth, search operations shall be authorized only by the concerned DGIT(Inv.) who will be accountable for the action initiated by the officers working under him. He should also ensure that all the work relating to search & seizure, like post-search enquires, preparation of appraisal report and handing over of seized books of accounts. Etc. should be completed by the Investigation Wing within a period of 60 days from the date on which the last of the authorisations for search was executed.
3. DGsIT(Inv.) are requested to ensure that officers of competence and proven integrity are taken in the Investigation Wing. The officers posted in the Investigation Wing will be trained at NADT in a special course for which arrangements will be separately made.
4. DGsIT(Inv.) are required to ensure strict compliance of the above guidelines/ instructions.

Yours faithfully,
Sd/-
Sharat Chandra
Director (Inv. II & III)



SC decision on 05-11-2015 on 36(1)(iii) in the case of Hero Cycles (P) Ltd. The apex court observed that interest free advance to sister concern under margin money stipulation by bank for granting of loan to sister concern qualifies the test of commercial expediency. Further loan to director from bank account out of credit balance available on the day of advance can not be said to be advance from borrowed capital. Hence no disallowance u/s 36(1)(iii). Further SC reprimanded P&H High Court for disallowance by mentioning Abhishek Industries only without mentioning facts of the case. SC followed its own judgement in SA Builders 288ITR1 for test of commercial expediency and includes expenditure incurred otherwise than by legal obligation. SC also quoted Malyalam Plantation 53 ITR 140 which held that “for the purpose of business” is wider than “for the purpose of earning profits” SC further quoted Delhi High Court in Dalmia Cement 254 ITR 377 which held that for the purpose of business need not necessarily mean the business of assesee itself. SC also held that the Revenue cannot justifiably claim to put itself in the arm-chair of the businessman or in the position of the Board of Directors and assume the role to decide how much is reasonable expenditure having regard to the circumstances of the case. It further held that no businessman can be compelled to maximize his profit and that the income tax authorities must put themselves in the shoes of the assessee and see how a prudent businessman would act. The authorities must not look at the matter from their own view point but that of a prudent businessman.